皮外伤最让人害怕的是流血不止。尤其是小朋友出现这样了现象，年轻的家长们都会大脑一片空白，手足无措。慌乱中的处置往往会带来极为严重的后果，血液是我们生命中宝贵的液体，如果失血过多，就会给生命构成威胁。所以，学会一些正确的止血方法十分必要。 　　如何能快速止血？ 　　外伤出血的原因是由于血管破裂，皮肤表面裂开，血液流出体外而引起的，一般称为外出血。若创伤造成出血，身体内血液减少到人体不能承受的限度，则可造成休克，甚至危及生命。创伤伤员中1/3的人因失血过多而死亡。根据出血的性质和动、静脉的不同，止血的方法也各有不同： 　　1、毛细血管：皮肤表面的毛细血管出血，主要表现为慢慢渗出，出血量小，会自动停止，没有危险性，用“创可贴”就可以。 　　2、小静脉：小静脉出血比毛细血管出血快，止血方法是用干净的厚纱布、毛巾等放在伤口上，然后加压包扎，一般就会停止流血。常见的头部受伤，因头皮的毛细血管很丰富，常是血流满面，显得很可怕，事实上只要在伤口上加压包扎，很快就能止住血。 　　3、小动脉：小动脉出血速度快，出血量多，这种出血如不及时止住，短时间内人体会失去大量的血，就会发生休克。加压包扎是止不住血的，只有在伤口上方扎止血带，或用毛巾、布条代替止血带包扎住，才能止住血。 　　具体的三种止血方法 　　一个成年人失血量在500毫升时，可以没有明显的症状。当失血量在800毫升以上时，伤者可出现面色、口唇苍白，皮肤出冷汗，手脚冰冷、无力，呼吸急促，脉搏快而微弱等。具体现场的急救措施如下： 　　1、指压止血法：若受伤者头部出血，可以用塑料袋（塑料膜）套住手指，拿上干净的纱布或纸巾直接按压住伤者的出血点，通过用手指压迫血管，使血管闭合而达到临时止血的目的。 　　2、间接按压法：用拇指按压住耳前颞浅动脉（耳屏前1.5厘米处，用手触摸有脉搏跳动），按压此处可以改善额头和头顶的出血状况。 　　3、加压包扎止血法：用消毒纱布或干净的手帕、毛巾等敷于伤口上，然后用三角巾、手帕、毛巾或布条折成带状缠绕在受伤的肢体上，拉紧、打结，或用木棒、笔杆、筷子等棒状物体，于布结处旋转拧紧固定。只有这样施加一定的压力才能止住血。 　　正确的伤口包扎方法 　　现场急救除了有效地止血之外，另一个重要的环节就是正确的包扎伤口，以达到压迫止血、减少感染、保护伤口、减少疼痛等目的。具体的做法是让伤员坐下或躺下，抬高受伤部位，用消毒纱布覆盖伤口，救助者用手直接在敷料上施压5-10分钟；止血成功后，再用绷带、三角巾缠绕包扎，并施加一定的压力以帮助止血。四肢伤口包扎后，必须检查手指或脚趾的血液循环，若伤员感觉伤肢肿胀、麻木，应及时松解绷带等包扎物品。 　　用烟丝、香灰止血科学吗？ 　　在不少农村地区依然保持着一些传统的习惯，意外受伤时，如果伤口较小，流血不多，老百姓随手就抓一把香灰、烟丝、炭灰甚至泥沙等撒在伤口上。如果单从止血的功效而言，这些物质确实能够有效，因为这些细小的物质有吸附的功能，在流血、渗血的部位能够吸附渗液，并且刺激局部小血管收缩，起到暂时的止血效果。 　　但是，香灰、烟丝、炭灰等物品，含有大量的细菌，容易导致创面受污染，引起感染。而且如果用上述这些物品止血，病人来院处理时，医生还要清洗创面，清除异物才能进行止血和缝扎，这些微小颗粒增加了医生清除的困难。总之这样的做法十分不利于伤口的处置和愈合。 　　KK提醒：伤口大、比较深的出血，只有请医生来处理、缝合，才能既止血，又能使伤口长得很整齐；小动脉出血，一定要请人帮助止血，并尽快送医院进一步处理。
Skin injury is the most scary bleeding. Especially children appears such a phenomenon, young parents can brain blank, unprepared. Disposal in panic tend to be very serious consequences, the blood is a precious liquid in our life, if there is excessive loss of blood, would pose a threat to life. So, it is necessary to learn some proper hemostasis. How can quickly stop bleeding? Trauma hemorrhage from a ruptured blood vessels, is the cause of cracks on the skin surface, blood flow caused by in vitro, generally called out for blood. If the trauma hemorrhage, decrease the blood in the body to the limits of human body cannot bear, can cause shock, and even life-threatening. Trauma patients in a third of the people died because of bleeding. Depending on the nature of the bleeding and arteries and veins, hemostatic methods are also different: 1, the capillary: on the surface of the skin blood capillary hemorrhage, main show is slowly seeping, haemorrhage amount is small, will automatically stop, no danger, use "band-aid". 2, small venules: vein bleeding quickly than the blood capillary hemorrhage, hemostatic method is to use clean thick gauze, towels, etc on the wound, then compression bandage, general will stop bleeding. Common head injury, because of the scalp capillaries is very rich, often is bleeding, appear very terrible, in fact as long as the compression bandage on the wound, will soon be able to stop the blood. 3, small artery: a small artery bleeding speed, what was the amount of bleeding, if not in time to stop the bleeding, short time my wife feel lost a lot of blood, shock occurs. Compression bandage is uncontrollable coughing blood, only a tourniquet, above the wound or towels, cloth instead of tourniquet to live, to stop the blood. Three methods of hemostasis An adult blood loss in 500 ml, can have no obvious symptoms. When more than 800 ml of blood loss in the injured can appear was, oral, pale and clammy skin, hands and feet cold, weakness, shortness of breath, fast, weak pulse, etc. Field first-aid measures are as follows: 1, refer to pressure hemostasis: if the victim's head bleeding, can use the plastic bags (plastic) in fingers, took a clean cloth or paper towel pressing the injured sites of directly, through pressure vessels with finger, make closed vessels and reach the purpose of temporary stop bleeding. 2, indirect pressure method: the thumb pressing ear shallow anterior temporal artery (1.5 cm before tragus, touch a pulse), press here can improve forehead and bleeding in the head. 3, compression bandage hemostasis: with sterile gauze or a clean handkerchief, towel, and apply in the wound, and then use the triangle towel, handkerchief, towel cloth or ribbon wound on the injured limb, taut, knot, or rod-shaped object, such as pens, chopsticks, sticks in cloth and place to tighten fixed. Only in this way can a certain amount of pressure to stach. The correct method of wound On-site first-aid in addition to effectively stop the bleeding, another important aspect of the wound is correct, in order to achieve compression hemostasis, protect the wound, reduce infection, reduce pain, etc. The specific approach is to let the wounded sit or lie down, pushing up the injured area, cover the wound with sterile gauze, rescuers directly with the hand pressure on dressing for 5-10 minutes; After the success of the hemostatic, reoccupy bandage, triangular bandage wound dressing, and a certain amount of pressure to help stop the bleeding. Limbs after wound, you have to check the blood circulation of the fingers or toes, if feeling the injured limb injury swelling, numbness, should be timely release the bandage wrap items, etc. Use of tobacco, incense ashes hemostatic science? In many rural areas still kept the habit of some traditional, accidental injury, if the wound is small, the bleeding is not much, people with just a handful incense ashes, tobacco, coal ash and mud, etc in the wound. If the single from the hemostatic efficacy, these substances can really effective, because these tiny material has the function of adsorption, can adsorption in the site of bleeding, bleeding, drainage and stimulate the local small vasoconstriction, a temporary hemostatic effect. However, the goods such as incense ashes, tobacco, ashes, contains a lot of bacteria, can easily lead to wound contaminated, cause infection. And if use these items the bleeding, the patient to hospital treatment, doctors need to clean the wound, remove foreign bodies to stop bleeding and seam, these tiny particles added to the doctor to remove difficulties. Anyway it is not conducive to treatment and healing of the wound. KK remind: bleeding wound is large, the deeper, only for a doctor to handle, stitching, can stop bleeding, and make the wound grow very tidy; Small artery bleeding, must please help stop the bleeding, and to a hospital for further treatment as soon as possible.