止血带止血法适用于四肢创伤引起的动脉出血或其他止血方法未能奏效的出血。止血带可阻断肢体血液循环而达到有效的止血的目的,但也能由此而造成肢体坏疽的危险。常用的止血带的种类有橡皮止血带、气性止血带、布制止血带等。只有正确地使用止血带才能既发挥止血作用,又能防止和减少其并发症的发生。 Hemostasis is applied to the bleeding of artery hemorrhage caused by the traumatic limb injury or the failure of other methods of hemostasis. A tourniquet can block the blood circulation of the body and effectively stop the bleeding, but it can also cause the risk of physical gangrene. The main types of tourniquet are the rubber tourniquet, the gas tourniquet, the cloth tourniquet and so on. Only by using the tourniquet correctly can the function of hemostasis be used, and can prevent and reduce the occurrence of its complications. 那么使用止血带止血应注意些什么？ So what should be noticed with a tourniquet? 1.止血带使用前应将患肢抬高片刻,使静脉回流后再使用。 The body should be elevated for a moment before the tourniquet is used, and the venous reflux is used again. 2.止血带部位应放在伤口的近心端。 The area of the tourniquet should be placed in the close heart of the wound. 一般上肢在上臂的上1/3的部位,下肢在大腿的中、下1/3交界处。上臂的中1/3禁止使用止血带,以免压迫神经而引起上肢麻痹。在肘或膝关节以下部位扎止血带无止血作用。 The upper extremity of the upper arm is the upper part of the upper arm, and the lower extremity is in the middle and lower part of the thigh. In the upper arm of the upper arm, one third forbids the use of a tourniquet to prevent the paralysis of the upper limb. There is no tourniquet in the area of the elbow or knee. 3.上止血带前,先要用毛巾或其他布片、棉絮作垫,止血带不要直接扎在皮肤上；紧急时,可将裤脚或袖口卷起,止血带扎在其上。但需平整,避免皱折。 Before a tourniquet, use a towel or other cloth and cotton wadding, and the tourniquet should not be tied directly to the skin. In an emergency, roll up the leg or cuff, and the tourniquet is put on it. But it needs to be flat and avoid buckling. 4.止血带要扎得松紧合适 The tourniquet should be tied up properly 过紧易损伤神经和血管,引起神经麻痹和血栓形成；过松则不能达到止血的目的。一般以不能摸到远端动脉搏动或出血停止为度。 It can damage nerves and blood vessels, causing nerve paralysis and thrombosis. Too much pine can not stop the bleeding. The distal arterial pulsation or haemorrhage is usually stopped by the distal end of the artery. 5.结扎时间过久,可引起肢体缺血坏疽。 The length of the ligation can lead to physical ischemia gangrene. 因此止血带使用的时间一般不超过1h,需延长时间要每隔1h(上肢或下肢)放松2～3min；放松期间,应用指压法暂时止血。寒冷季节时应每隔30min放松一次。结扎部位超过2h者,应更换比原来较高位置结扎。总时间应不超过4h,否则在放松止血带后会引起挤压综合征。 Therefore, the duration of the tourniquet is generally less than 1h, and the duration should be increased by 2 ~ 3min for every 1h (upper or lower limb). During the relaxation period, apply to the pressure method to temporarily stop the bleeding. The cold season should be relaxed once every 30 minutes. Where the ligation area exceeds 2h, it should be replaced with a higher position. The total time should be no more than 4h, otherwise it will cause the crush syndrome after relaxing the tourniquet.